Insolation is the incident solar energy emitted by the Sun, which reaches a unit horizontal area of the Earth's surface. The term is a contraction of INcoming SOLar radiATION.
Direct insolation is the solar irradiance measured at a given location on Earth with a surface element perpendicular to the Sun's rays, excluding diffuse insolation (the solar radiation that is scattered or reflected by atmospheric components in the sky). Direct insolation is equal to the solar constant minus the light reflected, scattered, or absorbed by clouds and atmospheric particles.
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